Source code
import java.util.*;
class TestDuplicate {
/**
* * Write a function to find whether a given array of integers contains any duplicate element.
*
* > testDuplicate([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
* false
* > testDuplicate([1, 2, 3, 4, 4])
* true
* > testDuplicate([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5])
* true
*/
public static Boolean testDuplicate(List<Integer> arraynums) {
Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>();
for (Integer num : arraynums) {
if (seen.contains(num)) {
return true;
}
seen.add(num);
}
return false;
}
}
Run 1
The code is highly readable. It follows a clear, logical structure with a single purpose method that is easy to understand. The method is flat, with only one level of nesting inside the loop, which keeps the control flow straightforward. The intent is unambiguous: check for duplicates using a HashSet for O(1) lookups. The code is concise and avoids unnecessary length; the algorithm is efficient without extra boilerplate. Action granularity is appropriate—each line performs one distinct operation (check contains, return true, add to set, return false). The reading flow is natural: initialize set, iterate, check, add, return. Minor improvements could include using the return value of `add` to simplify (e.g., `if (!seen.add(num)) return true;`), but the current version is clear and self-documenting. Javadoc examples enhance comprehension.
Run 2
The code is highly readable. It uses clear imports, a well-documented method, and a straightforward algorithm. The structure is logical, with a single loop and minimal nesting. The use of a HashSet for tracking seen elements clarifies intent, and each action is on its own line. The code is concise and follows natural reading flow from initialization through iteration to return.
Run 3
The code is well-structured with a single, clearly named method and an appropriate import. Nesting is minimal, with only one level inside the loop. Intent is clear from the method name and Javadoc examples, though the comment formatting is slightly unusual. The code is concise and avoids unnecessary length. Each line performs one logical action, enhancing readability. Reading flow is natural: initialize a set, iterate, check for duplicates, and return. Minor improvements could include using `Set.add()` to combine the check and add, and aligning the Javadoc style, but these are negligible.
Run 1
Code Structure: A single focused method is logically organized around tracking previously seen values. Nesting: Only a loop and one conditional, keeping nesting shallow. Clarity of intent: The method name, examples, and descriptive variable 'seen' clearly communicate duplicate detection, though 'arraynums' is awkward for a List. Code length: The implementation is concise without unnecessary logic. Action granularity: Each statement performs one clear action on its own line. Reading flow: Initialization, iteration, early return on a duplicate, and the final false return follow a natural sequence. Minor readability issues include the wildcard import, the malformed introductory comment marker, and using boxed Boolean instead of primitive boolean.
Run 2
Code Structure: The method is logically organized around initializing a set, scanning the input, and returning a result. Nesting: Only a loop and a conditional are nested, with an early return keeping control flow simple. Clarity of intent: The documentation, examples, and 'seen' variable clearly communicate duplicate detection; 'arraynums' is less precise for a List parameter. Code length: The implementation is concise without unnecessary logic. Action granularity: Each statement performs one clear action. Reading flow: Initialization, duplicate checking, recording values, and the final fallback follow a natural sequence. Minor readability issues include the wildcard import, an extra asterisk in the documentation, and using boxed Boolean instead of primitive boolean.
Run 3
Code Structure: The method is logically organized into set initialization, iteration, duplicate detection, and a final result. Nesting: A single loop with one conditional keeps nesting shallow. Clarity of intent: The method name, descriptive 'seen' variable, and documented examples make the purpose clear, though 'arraynums' is awkwardly named for a List. Code length: The implementation is concise without unnecessary logic. Action granularity: Each statement performs one clear action. Reading flow: The straightforward sequence and early return make the algorithm easy to follow. Minor distractions include the wildcard import, boxed Boolean return type, and stray documentation asterisk.