Sample

Dorn/cuda/6

Human rating uses the original dataset scale.

DatasetDorn
Human2.26
Lines10

Scores

MethodScoreScaleDataset rank
(0–100)
Posnett0.0020–1; higher is more readable
62.4Δ 55.2
Scalabrino0.0440–1; higher is more readable
1.9Δ 5.3
Dorn00–1; higher is more readable
0.8Δ 6.4
Mi0.0090–1; higher is more readable
3.1Δ 4.2
LLOC4Logical lines; fewer is more readable
82.7Δ 75.5
DeepSeek V4 Pro3.670–20; mean of three runs
6.1Δ 1.1
GPT-6.1 Sol120–20; mean of three runs
19.9Δ 12.7
BTTF0.0060–1; higher is more readable
0.6Δ 6.7
Human2.261–5; original rating
7.2

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Source regions

Feature contributions

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Halstead volumeHow much symbolic information the code contains. It combines the total number of operators and values with the number of distinct ones.354.633−11.703
Byte entropyHow varied the bytes in the source text are. Repeated bytes give a lower value; a more even mixture gives a higher value.4.922−7.383
Source linesThe number of non-empty source lines.10+4

Intercept 8.87 + feature contributions = -6.215 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(-6.215) = 0.002.

Score0.044

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Identifier layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from left to right. It measures spatial frequency, not the meaning of the names.279.545−8.175
Comment layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of comment characters changes from left to right.0−0.804
Comment layout frequencyHow frequently the layout switches between lines containing only comments or whitespace and lines containing code.9+0.718
Number layout frequencyHow rapidly the number of numeric values per line changes through the code.1+0.398
Indentation frequencyHow rapidly indentation changes from line to line.10−0.391
Identifier layout (vertical)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from top to bottom.9.89−0.272
Operator visual areaThe share of the code’s visual area occupied by operators such as +, =, and *.0.106−0.09

Intercept 0.07 + feature contributions = -8.547 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(-8.547) = 0.

Score0.009
Score4
Run 1

The code is difficult to read due to poor structure and lack of clarity. The function signature is extremely long with multiple levels of pointer indirection, making it hard to understand parameter relationships at a glance. The function name 'RobustLearning' gives some indication of purpose, but the implementation shown is minimal and doesn't provide enough context to understand the full intent. Shared memory variables are declared but their usage is unclear. Variable names like 'rms', 'bRMS', and 'r' are ambiguous and could benefit from more descriptive names. The code is flat (not deeply nested), which is positive, but it's very dense and packs multiple operations into single lines. Action granularity is mixed - some lines contain single operations while others combine multiple pointer dereferences. The reading flow is disrupted by the complex parameter list and unclear variable purposes. While the code length itself is short, the complexity of the signature and pointer dereferencing makes it feel longer and harder to process.

Run 2

The code is nearly unreadable due to several critical issues. The function signature is a massive single line with 13 parameters, making it impossible to understand the purpose or relationships between arguments at a glance. There is no documentation, naming is cryptic (e.g., 'r', 'bRMS', 'rmsF'), and multiple actions are crammed onto single lines (e.g., shared variable declarations). The inclusion of 'learningRate' as a double pointer suggests complex ownership semantics that are not explained. The namespace provides some structure, but the function body shown is incomplete and lacks any logical flow or error handling. The code fails on action granularity, reading flow, and clarity of intent. Without proper formatting, parameter grouping, or explanatory comments, a reader cannot discern what this kernel does or how to use it safely.

Run 3

The code scores very low for readability. The function purpose is unclear from the name alone, and all logic is crammed into one line with excessive parameters, making it difficult to parse. Nesting is minimal but not structured meaningfully. Action granularity is poor—multiple unrelated steps share a single line, obscuring intent. Reading flow is non-existent due to monolithic declaration and initialization. No logical sectioning or comments explain shared memory usage, parameter roles, or data flow. Overall, the code is extremely tangled and lacks clarity.

Run 1

Code Structure: Includes, namespace, kernel declaration, and shared variables are logically ordered, but the snippet is incomplete, preventing assessment of the full structure. Nesting: Shallow and easy to follow. Clarity of intent: RobustLearning and descriptive parameter names suggest the purpose, but abbreviations such as rmsF, bRMS, and r lack explanation. Code length: The visible body is concise, while the long, unwrapped signature with many parameters is difficult to scan. Action granularity: Each declaration and assignment occupies its own line. Reading flow: The body reads naturally, but the dense signature and missing closing braces disrupt readability.

Run 2

Code Structure: The include, namespace, kernel declaration, and shared variables follow a logical order, but the snippet ends before closing the function and namespace. Nesting: Shallow, with no nested control flow. Clarity of intent: RobustLearning and several parameter names suggest a learning-related kernel, but abbreviations such as rmsF, bRMS, and r obscure details; the fragment does not reveal the algorithm. Code length: The body is concise, but the very long signature with thirteen parameters is difficult to scan. Action granularity: Each declaration and assignment occupies its own line. Reading flow: Initialization follows declarations naturally, though the crowded signature and incomplete ending interrupt readability.

Run 3

Code Structure: Includes, namespace, kernel declaration, and shared variables are logically organized, but the fragment is incomplete. Nesting: Shallow namespace and function nesting makes the visible code easy to follow. Clarity of intent: RobustLearning and descriptive parameter names suggest the purpose, though abbreviations such as rmsF, bRMS, and r lack explanation. Code length: The body is concise, but the extremely long single-line signature with many parameters is difficult to scan. Action granularity: Each declaration and assignment occupies its own line, clearly separating actions. Reading flow: Declarations followed by initialization form a natural sequence, but the crowded signature and missing closing context interrupt readability.