Sample

Dorn/python/94

Human rating uses the original dataset scale.

DatasetDorn
Human3.44
Lines30

Scores

MethodScoreScaleDataset rank
(0–100)
Posnett00–1; higher is more readable
24.2Δ 34.5
Dorn0.7880–1; higher is more readable
76.6Δ 17.8
Mi0.4630–1; higher is more readable
48.5Δ 10.3
LLOC36Logical lines; fewer is more readable
3.9Δ 54.9
DeepSeek V4 Pro10.330–20; mean of three runs
42.9Δ 15.9
GPT-6.1 Sol13.670–20; mean of three runs
37.7Δ 21.0
BTTF0.6120–1; higher is more readable
75.8Δ 17.0
Human3.441–5; original rating
58.8

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Source regions

Feature contributions

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Halstead volumeHow much symbolic information the code contains. It combines the total number of operators and values with the number of distinct ones.1217.522−40.178
Source linesThe number of non-empty source lines.30+12
Byte entropyHow varied the bytes in the source text are. Repeated bytes give a lower value; a more even mixture gives a higher value.4.669−7.004

Intercept 8.87 + feature contributions = -26.312 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(-26.312) = 0.

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Identifier layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from left to right. It measures spatial frequency, not the meaning of the names.62+1.039
Indentation frequencyHow rapidly indentation changes from line to line.1−0.703
Number layout frequencyHow rapidly the number of numeric values per line changes through the code.1+0.398
Operator visual areaThe share of the code’s visual area occupied by operators such as +, =, and *.0.059+0.369
Comment layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of comment characters changes from left to right.61.871+0.194
Comment layout frequencyHow frequently the layout switches between lines containing only comments or whitespace and lines containing code.31−0.061
Identifier layout (vertical)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from top to bottom.29.635+0.004

Intercept 0.07 + feature contributions = 1.311 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(1.311) = 0.788.

Score0.463
Score36
Run 1

This code is poorly readable. Structure is disorganized: classes are defined in one-line pass statements without any implementation, and there are duplicate class names (e.g., class_attribute, parameter_list, parameter_default) with conflicting base classes across sections. The comments divide sections but do not clarify why duplicates exist or why inheritance choices differ. Intent is ambiguous — the purpose of each class is unclear, and naming is inconsistent (e.g., expression_value vs attribute_tuple). Action granularity is low but not informative; each line defines a class, but the repetition feels like filler. Reading flow suffers from abrupt section breaks and repeated definitions without context. Overall, the code reads like incomplete scaffolding or generated stubs with no meaningful logic or explanation.

Run 2

The code is mostly readable but has issues. The structure is clear with good section comments, but there's significant duplication from repeated class definitions. The intent is clear - defining structural elements - but the same names appear with different element types, creating potential ambiguity. Nesting is flat, which is good, and the code is concise, though this conciseness comes at the cost of explicitness. Each class definition is one line, so action granularity is good. However, the reading flow is disrupted by duplicate class names appearing in both 'Structural Support' and 'Inline Elements' sections with different base classes. This redundancy, particularly 'parameter_list', 'parameter_default', and 'class_attribute' appearing twice, is confusing and suggests a code organization problem.

Run 3

The code shows a basic organizational structure with section comments separating structural and inline elements, which aids navigation. However, it suffers from poor naming conventions (lowercase class names, inconsistent with Python PEP 8), duplicate class definitions (e.g., parameter_list, parameter_default, class_attribute), and unclear intent—no docstrings or comments explaining the roles of these classes. All classes are empty with `pass`, making the file resemble a placeholder or stub, which reduces clarity. Nesting is flat, and lines are concise at one action per line, but reading flow is disrupted by inconsistencies and repetition. The logic is not tangled, but the ambiguity of purpose and style issues significantly lower readability.

Run 1

Code Structure: Section comments organize related element classes, but duplicate definitions of parameter_list, parameter_default, and class_attribute undermine organization; some redefine inheritance. Nesting: Completely flat, making scanning easy. Clarity of intent: Descriptive names and the inline-elements comment suggest marker classes, but their precise roles and the intentionality of redefinitions are unclear. Code length: Compact, with little boilerplate, though repeated declarations add redundancy. Action granularity: Each line declares one class, but placing pass on the declaration line slightly compresses readability. Reading flow: Consistent formatting and section headings support a natural progression, while repeated names and inconsistent base classes interrupt understanding.

Run 2

Code Structure: Section headings organize related declarations, but parameter_list, parameter_default, and class_attribute are redefined, obscuring the effective definitions. Nesting: No nested control flow; the classes are simple and easy to scan. Clarity of intent: Descriptive names and the inline-elements comment suggest marker classes, but repeated names with different base classes create ambiguity. Code length: Concise overall, though duplicate declarations add unnecessary length. Action granularity: Each line defines one class, but placing pass on the same line compresses the declaration and body. Reading flow: Consistent formatting and section separators support scanning, while the initial unlabeled group and later redefinitions interrupt a clear progression.

Run 3

Code Structure: Section comments organize related declarations, but parameter_list, parameter_default, and class_attribute are defined more than once, obscuring the effective definitions. Nesting: No nested logic; inheritance declarations are easy to scan. Clarity of intent: Descriptive names and the second-pass comment suggest structural and inline element roles, but empty bodies and conflicting base classes for repeated names make distinctions unclear. Code length: Concise overall, although duplicate declarations introduce redundancy. Action granularity: Each line defines one class, but placing pass on the same line compresses declaration and body. Reading flow: Repetitive formatting supports scanning, while inconsistent heading styles, an unlabeled initial group, and redefinitions interrupt the progression.