Sample

Dorn/java/121

Human rating uses the original dataset scale.

DatasetDorn
Human3.17
Lines30

Scores

MethodScoreScaleDataset rank
(0–100)
Posnett0.0130–1; higher is more readable
68.2Δ 28.1
Dorn0.4970–1; higher is more readable
43.2Δ 3.1
Mi0.2350–1; higher is more readable
23.1Δ 17.0
LLOC12Logical lines; fewer is more readable
53.6Δ 13.5
DeepSeek V4 Pro2.330–20; mean of three runs
1.3Δ 38.9
GPT-6.1 Sol60–20; mean of three runs
0.6Δ 39.6
BTTF0.5070–1; higher is more readable
47.1Δ 7.0
Human3.171–5; original rating
40.1

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Source regions

Feature contributions

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Halstead volumeHow much symbolic information the code contains. It combines the total number of operators and values with the number of distinct ones.535.755−17.68
Source linesThe number of non-empty source lines.30+12
Byte entropyHow varied the bytes in the source text are. Repeated bytes give a lower value; a more even mixture gives a higher value.4.995−7.493

Intercept 8.87 + feature contributions = -4.303 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(-4.303) = 0.013.

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Comment layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of comment characters changes from left to right.0−0.804
Identifier layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from left to right. It measures spatial frequency, not the meaning of the names.71+0.658
Number layout frequencyHow rapidly the number of numeric values per line changes through the code.26−0.176
Operator visual areaThe share of the code’s visual area occupied by operators such as +, =, and *.0.083+0.131
Indentation frequencyHow rapidly indentation changes from line to line.24+0.093
Comment layout frequencyHow frequently the layout switches between lines containing only comments or whitespace and lines containing code.29+0.01
Identifier layout (vertical)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from top to bottom.29.847+0.007

Intercept 0.07 + feature contributions = -0.011 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(-0.011) = 0.497.

Score0.235
Score12
Run 1

This code is nearly unreadable due to severe structural problems. It begins mid-statement with a stray closing parenthesis and string literal, indicating missing context. The nesting is extremely deep (multiple layers of loops, conditionals, and try-catch blocks), making control flow nearly impossible to follow. Intent is ambiguous without surrounding code, and the empty catch block silently swallows exceptions. Magic numbers like '3', '4', and '5' lack semantic meaning, and long XPath strings are embedded inline. Reading flow is completely disorganized, jumping between unrelated operations (selenium clicks, thread sleeps, boolean checks). While individual lines are mostly single-action, the overall code length and lack of structure negate any local clarity. This appears to be a fragmented excerpt from a larger automation script, and without proper formatting, naming conventions, and restructured control flow, it is effectively unmaintainable.

Run 2

This code is nearly unreadable due to its absence of structural context. The snippet appears to be a fragment of a switch statement, but the opening lines are missing, making the flow impossible to follow. Deep nesting is evident with multiple layers of braces, conditionals, and a try-catch block that swallows exceptions silently. Long, hardcoded XPath strings clutter the logic and obscure intent. Multiple actions are packed into lines, and the random indentation disrupts reading flow. The empty catch block and unexplained magic strings further reduce clarity. Without surrounding code, the purpose is ambiguous and the fragment fails every readability criterion.

Run 3

The code is almost entirely unreadable. It starts mid-statement with an orphaned string literal and a dangling closing brace, indicating missing context. Structure is fragmented across switch cases with unclear control flow. Nesting is moderate but poorly organized. Intent is ambiguous due to missing surrounding code. Length is excessive for the minimal logic shown. Multiple actions appear on single lines. Reading flow is broken by disorganized jumps, a bare catch block swallowing exceptions, and hard-coded XPath selectors with no explanation. This snippet would be incomprehensible without extensive surrounding context.

Run 1

Code Structure: The fragment begins mid-expression and mixes polling, deletion, confirmation, and folder navigation without clear boundaries. Nesting: Several closing blocks and uneven indentation make the surrounding nesting difficult to follow, although the visible conditional is simple. Clarity of intent: Selenium calls indicate UI automation, but positional XPath selectors, numeric case labels, an empty catch block, and unexplained label changes obscure the workflow. Code length: The visible operations are reasonably concise, though repeated selectors and verbose wrapping add clutter. Action granularity: Most statements perform one action, which helps readability. Reading flow: Abrupt entry into case 4, missing surrounding context, and inconsistent formatting interrupt the sequence and make control flow difficult to reconstruct.

Run 2

Code Structure: The fragment starts mid-expression and contains incomplete loop and switch context, making its organization difficult to follow. Nesting: Multiple closing braces and uneven indentation obscure the nesting, though the visible conditional is simple. Clarity of intent: Selenium calls suggest deleting an item and checking a bookmarks folder, but positional XPath selectors, a numeric case, and label reassignment obscure the workflow. The empty exception handler hides failure behavior. Code length: The visible operations are relatively concise, but lengthy selectors and awkward wrapping increase reading effort. Action granularity: Most statements perform one action, although nested replacement calls add visual complexity. Reading flow: Abrupt transitions from retry-related code to deletion confirmation and then case 4 disrupt continuity; missing surrounding context also makes possible switch fall-through difficult to interpret.

Run 3

Code Structure: The fragment begins mid-expression and mixes polling, deletion, confirmation checking, and case handling, making its organization difficult to follow. Nesting: Several visible closing braces and an embedded conditional suggest substantial nesting, although the incomplete context limits assessment. Clarity of intent: Selenium method names and bookmarksFolder4Present communicate some purpose, but numeric cases, label = 5, positional XPath selectors, and an empty exception handler obscure control flow and failure handling. Code length: The fragment is short, but long XPath strings and awkward wrapping add visual complexity. Action granularity: Most statements perform one action, which helps readability. Reading flow: Excessive indentation, missing opening context, and the transition into case 4 without a visible break after the preceding operations disrupt the flow.