Sample

Dorn/cuda/12

Human rating uses the original dataset scale.

DatasetDorn
Human3.12
Lines9

Scores

MethodScoreScaleDataset rank
(0–100)
Posnett0.7010–1; higher is more readable
83.8Δ 46.5
Scalabrino0.880–1; higher is more readable
94.6Δ 57.2
Dorn0.8460–1; higher is more readable
84.4Δ 47.1
Mi0.3760–1; higher is more readable
36.5Δ 0.8
LLOC4Logical lines; fewer is more readable
82.7Δ 45.4
DeepSeek V4 Pro40–20; mean of three runs
7.4Δ 29.9
GPT-6.1 Sol9.330–20; mean of three runs
7.8Δ 29.5
BTTF0.4910–1; higher is more readable
42.9Δ 5.6
Human3.121–5; original rating
37.3

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Source regions

Feature contributions

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Byte entropyHow varied the bytes in the source text are. Repeated bytes give a lower value; a more even mixture gives a higher value.4.458−6.688
Halstead volumeHow much symbolic information the code contains. It combines the total number of operators and values with the number of distinct ones.149.339−4.928
Source linesThe number of non-empty source lines.9+3.6

Intercept 8.87 + feature contributions = 0.854 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(0.854) = 0.701.

Score0.88

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Identifier layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from left to right. It measures spatial frequency, not the meaning of the names.63.6+0.971
Comment layout frequencyHow frequently the layout switches between lines containing only comments or whitespace and lines containing code.10+0.682
Indentation frequencyHow rapidly indentation changes from line to line.7−0.495
Number layout frequencyHow rapidly the number of numeric values per line changes through the code.1+0.398
Comment layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of comment characters changes from left to right.71+0.341
Identifier layout (vertical)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from top to bottom.8.917−0.285
Operator visual areaThe share of the code’s visual area occupied by operators such as +, =, and *.0.095+0.018

Intercept 0.07 + feature contributions = 1.701 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(1.701) = 0.846.

Score0.376
Score4
Run 1

The code fragment is largely unreadable due to inconsistent indentation, mixed use of spaces and tabs, and a lack of surrounding context (e.g., loop boundaries, variable declarations). The intent is partially inferable—attenuation accumulation and backprojection calculation—but the logic is obscured by missing braces and unclear scope. Nesting appears deep, and the reading flow is disrupted by formatting inconsistencies. The commented-out line adds ambiguity rather than clarity. Overall, the snippet fails to meet basic readability standards, scoring very low on structure, clarity, and flow.

Run 2

The code snippet is extremely short and lacks context, making it hard to evaluate fully, but the visible portion shows several readability problems. There is inconsistent indentation; some lines use spaces and others tabs, disrupting logical structure. The comments and variable names are ambiguous without surrounding code, and the snippet appears to be the tail end of a loop or kernel, making intent unclear. One line contains multiple operations (multiplication and exponential), which harms action granularity. The reading flow is disorganized because of abrupt line breaks, an unnecessary return, and commented-out code. Overall, the fragment is closer to unreadable due to poor formatting, unclear context, and mixed granularity.

Run 3

This snippet is difficult to read due to its lack of context and incomplete structure. It opens mid-function with a loop body and closes abruptly, making it impossible to understand the full logical flow. The indentation is inconsistent—some lines use spaces, others tabs—which disrupts visual structure and suggests poor formatting discipline. Nesting appears moderate but is hard to evaluate without the surrounding code. Clarity of intent is low: there are commented-out lines, and the purpose of variables like 'sum_attenuation' or 'g_backprojection' is unclear without definitions. Code length is reasonable but the snippet is fragmentary. Action granularity is okay—mostly one operation per line—but the reading flow suffers from the abrupt start/end and mixed whitespace. Overall, the code is poorly readable in its current form, lacking the structural and contextual information needed for clear comprehension.

Run 1

Code Structure: The visible statements form a logical update sequence, but missing enclosing context and unmatched closing braces make the overall organization difficult to assess. Nesting: Indentation and closing braces suggest nested blocks, although their conditions are not shown. Clarity of intent: Variable names indicate attenuation accumulation and backprojection, but indexing and the algorithm require external context; the commented-out alternative adds distraction. Code length: The fragment is concise, with a potentially redundant return. Action granularity: Each active statement performs one main action on its own line. Reading flow: The sequence is understandable locally, but mixed indentation, inconsistent operator spacing, and truncated context interrupt readability.

Run 2

Code Structure: The short computation sequence is coherent, but unmatched closing braces and missing surrounding context obscure its organization. Nesting: Several closing braces suggest nested control flow, though its depth and purpose cannot be assessed from this fragment. Clarity of intent: Attenuation and backprojection names suggest the calculation's purpose, but index semantics and variable prefixes are unexplained. Code length: The active code is concise; the commented-out alternative assignment and trailing return add clutter. Action granularity: Each statement performs one clear update or assignment. Reading flow: The calculation followed by index advancement is natural, but inconsistent indentation, uneven spacing, and incomplete control-flow context interrupt readability.

Run 3

Code Structure: The visible statements form a logical update sequence, but missing enclosing context and unmatched visible closing braces obscure the overall organization. Nesting: Indentation and closing braces suggest nested blocks, though their depth and purpose cannot be assessed from this fragment. Clarity of intent: Variable names suggest attenuation-based backprojection, but abbreviations and undefined surrounding variables limit understanding. Code length: The active code is concise; the commented-out alternative assignment and trailing return add minor clutter. Action granularity: Each active line performs one clear update or assignment. Reading flow: Accumulation, backprojection calculation, and index advancement read naturally, but inconsistent indentation, spacing, and the abrupt fragment boundaries disrupt readability.