Sample

Buse/39

Human rating uses the original dataset scale.

DatasetBuse
Human2.97
Lines5

Scores

MethodScoreScaleDataset rank
(0–100)
Posnett0.2470–1; higher is more readable
48.5Δ 12.1
Dorn0.5740–1; higher is more readable
47.5Δ 11.1
Mi0.5030–1; higher is more readable
41.4Δ 5.1
LLOC3Logical lines; fewer is more readable
88.9Δ 52.5
DeepSeek V4 Pro15.330–20; mean of three runs
65.7Δ 29.3
GPT-6.1 Sol170–20; mean of three runs
62.1Δ 25.8
BTTF0.3880–1; higher is more readable
18.2Δ 18.2
Human2.971–5; original rating
36.4

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Source regions

Feature contributions

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Halstead volumeHow much symbolic information the code contains. It combines the total number of operators and values with the number of distinct ones.189.99−6.27
Byte entropyHow varied the bytes in the source text are. Repeated bytes give a lower value; a more even mixture gives a higher value.3.812−5.718
Source linesThe number of non-empty source lines.5+2

Intercept 8.87 + feature contributions = -1.117 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(-1.117) = 0.247.

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Identifier layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from left to right. It measures spatial frequency, not the meaning of the names.61.833+1.046
Comment layout frequencyHow frequently the layout switches between lines containing only comments or whitespace and lines containing code.6+0.824
Comment layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of comment characters changes from left to right.0−0.804
Indentation frequencyHow rapidly indentation changes from line to line.5−0.564
Identifier layout (vertical)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from top to bottom.4.81−0.343
Number layout frequencyHow rapidly the number of numeric values per line changes through the code.5+0.306
Operator visual areaThe share of the code’s visual area occupied by operators such as +, =, and *.0.121−0.236

Intercept 0.07 + feature contributions = 0.299 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(0.299) = 0.574.

Score0.503
Score3
Run 1

The code is generally readable and well-structured. It performs three distinct actions: assigning a catalog name, assigning a boolean flag based on a condition, and inserting a row. The nesting is minimal, limited to a ternary operator, which is readable. Clarity of intent is strong, though the use of Boolean.TRUE/FALSE instead of the primitive boolean or Boolean.valueOf could be slightly more idiomatic. The code is concise, with one action per line. The ternary split across lines maintains logical grouping. Reading flow is natural, following a clear sequence of operations. Minor improvements could include using primitive boolean or better naming for 'row' or 't', but overall it is clean and maintainable.

Run 2

The code is relatively concise but suffers from readability issues. The ternary expression with Boolean.TRUE/FALSE is overly verbose—it could be simplified to a direct comparison, which would improve clarity and reduce visual clutter. The alignment of the ternary's second and third operands on separate lines is unconventional, disrupting natural reading flow. The intent of updating a row and inserting it is clear, and the structure is mostly flat with low nesting, but the assignment and insertion actions are straightforward. The use of cryptic variable names like 'ns', 'defschema', 't', and 'row' without context makes the purpose ambiguous. Overall, it is readable in small snippets but lacks clean, idiomatic expression.

Run 3

The code is fairly readable due to its flat structure, clear intent, and concise length. Each line performs one logical action, and the ternary operator is formatted in a way that aids visual comparison of the condition and outcomes. However, a few issues reduce clarity: the use of positional indices (row[0], row[1], row[2]) obscures what data is being accessed, and the variable names like 'ns', 't', and 'defschema' are somewhat cryptic without surrounding context. The indentation of the ternary operator is slightly unconventional, though not harmful. Overall, the code is easy to follow if the surrounding context is understood.

Run 1

Code Structure: The assignments logically precede insertion. Nesting: Flat code with no nested blocks. Clarity of intent: Catalog lookup and insertion are understandable, but numeric row indices and abbreviated names obscure field meanings. Code length: Concise overall, though the Boolean ternary is more verbose than necessary. Action granularity: Each statement performs one clear action. Reading flow: Natural top-to-bottom progression, with a blank line separating row preparation from insertion; the split ternary slightly interrupts the flow.

Run 2

Code Structure: The statements form a simple, logical sequence of populating a row and inserting it. Nesting: There is no nested control flow. Clarity of intent: Method names suggest catalog lookup and system-row insertion, but numeric row indices and abbreviated names such as ns, t, and defschema obscure context. Code length: The snippet is concise, although explicitly selecting Boolean.TRUE or Boolean.FALSE is somewhat verbose. Action granularity: Each statement performs one primary action. Reading flow: Execution proceeds naturally from assignments to insertion; the split ternary expression slightly interrupts an otherwise straightforward flow.

Run 3

Code Structure: Logically ordered row assignments followed by insertion. Nesting: Flat, with no nested control flow. Clarity of intent: Catalog lookup and default-schema comparison are understandable, but numeric row indices and abbreviated identifiers obscure field meanings. Code length: Very concise, though the Boolean ternary is somewhat verbose. Action granularity: Each statement performs one primary action. Reading flow: Natural assignment-to-insertion progression, with spacing separating preparation from insertion; the split ternary slightly interrupts scanning.