Sample

Buse/36

Human rating uses the original dataset scale.

DatasetBuse
Human2.55
Lines6

Scores

MethodScoreScaleDataset rank
(0–100)
Posnett0.0320–1; higher is more readable
25.3Δ 12.1
Dorn0.7970–1; higher is more readable
83.8Δ 70.7
Mi0.5710–1; higher is more readable
49.5Δ 36.4
LLOC4Logical lines; fewer is more readable
59.6Δ 46.5
DeepSeek V4 Pro14.670–20; mean of three runs
55.1Δ 41.9
GPT-6.1 Sol170–20; mean of three runs
62.1Δ 49.0
BTTF0.4120–1; higher is more readable
24.2Δ 11.1
Human2.551–5; original rating
13.1

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Source regions

Feature contributions

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Halstead volumeHow much symbolic information the code contains. It combines the total number of operators and values with the number of distinct ones.229.248−7.565
Byte entropyHow varied the bytes in the source text are. Repeated bytes give a lower value; a more even mixture gives a higher value.4.732−7.098
Source linesThe number of non-empty source lines.6+2.4

Intercept 8.87 + feature contributions = -3.394 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(-3.394) = 0.032.

Feature contributions

FeatureValueContribution
(log-odds)
Identifier layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from left to right. It measures spatial frequency, not the meaning of the names.55+1.336
Comment layout frequencyHow frequently the layout switches between lines containing only comments or whitespace and lines containing code.7+0.788
Indentation frequencyHow rapidly indentation changes from line to line.1−0.703
Number layout frequencyHow rapidly the number of numeric values per line changes through the code.1+0.398
Identifier layout (vertical)How rapidly the visual pattern of identifier characters changes from top to bottom.5.768−0.329
Operator visual areaThe share of the code’s visual area occupied by operators such as +, =, and *.0.125−0.273
Comment layout (horizontal)How rapidly the visual pattern of comment characters changes from left to right.55+0.083

Intercept 0.07 + feature contributions = 1.371 (log-odds).
Score = sigmoid(1.371) = 0.797.

Score0.571
Score4
Run 1

The code is generally readable: it uses clear variable names, one primary action per line, and shallow nesting. The intent—resolving a Java field and wrapping it in a Variable object—is straightforward. However, the unnecessary inline comment `/*onlyStatic*/` adds minor clutter, and the leading indentation is not shown in context. The code could be slightly improved by using a more descriptive variable name than `clas` (e.g., `clazz`) and formatting the `if` block consistently with braces. Overall, it is concise and logically organized, but not perfect.

Run 2

The code is moderately readable. It has a clear intent: resolve a field and create a Variable. The sequential actions (get class, resolve field, check null, return variable) are logically ordered. However, readability is hampered by inconsistent indentation (extra tabs before `Class`), unnecessary comment `/*onlyStatic*/` that could be a named boolean, and multi-line method arguments that break natural reading flow. Nesting is minimal but the early return pattern is not fully leveraged—using a guard clause (if field == null return null) would flatten logic. Action granularity is acceptable, though the `new Variable` line combines object creation with nested arguments. Overall, the structure is understandable but style inconsistencies and lack of descriptive constants reduce clarity.

Run 3

The code is generally readable with a clear logical flow: retrieve class, resolve field, conditionally construct a Variable. Nesting is minimal and action granularity is acceptable. However, readability is hindered by the use of 'clas' instead of 'clazz' or 'clazz', a slightly awkward line break before 'clas', and the inline boolean comment 'false/*onlyStatic*/' which interrupts the natural reading flow. The intent is mostly clear but could be improved with more descriptive parameter naming or a local variable for the boolean flag.

Run 1

Code Structure: Logically organized as class lookup, field resolution, and conditional variable creation. Nesting: Minimal, with only one conditional. Clarity of intent: Reflection-based field lookup is clear, and the onlyStatic comment explains the boolean argument; however, clas is an awkward name and LHS requires contextual knowledge. Code length: Concise, without unnecessary statements. Action granularity: Each statement has a clear role, although the return combines type lookup and nested object construction. Reading flow: Natural top-to-bottom progression, slightly disrupted by irregular spacing, line wrapping, and the unbraced conditional.

Run 2

Code Structure: Logically organized into class lookup, field resolution, and conditional variable creation. Nesting: Minimal, with only one conditional. Clarity of intent: Reflection-based field lookup is clear, and the onlyStatic comment explains the boolean argument; however, clas and LHS are less descriptive, and the missing-field outcome is not shown. Code length: Concise without unnecessary steps. Action granularity: Each statement performs a distinct operation, although the return combines nested constructor calls. Reading flow: Natural top-to-bottom progression, slightly disrupted by unusual spacing, line breaks, and the unbraced conditional.

Run 3

Code Structure: logically organized as class lookup, field resolution, and conditional variable creation. Nesting: minimal, with only one conditional. Clarity of intent: reflection-based field lookup is understandable, and the onlyStatic comment explains the boolean argument; however, clas is an awkward name, and behavior when no field exists is not shown. Code length: concise without unnecessary logic. Action granularity: mostly one action per statement, though the return combines nested object construction. Reading flow: natural top-to-bottom progression, slightly hindered by unusual spacing, line wrapping, and omitted conditional braces.